A few nice service animal images I found:
Driver was OK
Image by Brian Digital
Aftermath, Truck lost control at the Holmston Roundabout (Ayr) and rolled over ejecting it’s load of animal carcasses. Fortunately the driver only suffered minor injury's, and it happened early on so no pedestrians were around.
See where this picture was taken. [?]
Some cool marine animals images:
Morning Star
Image by Joes1955
Memorial
Image by Ron,Ron,Ron
Marine Corps Memorial in park along river front in St Charles.
Check out these animal images images:
Parken Zoo 16
Image by cybriks
Original images (full size) can be found at photos.seligs.info/index.php/Parken-Zoo
Parken Zoo 14
Image by cybriks
Original images (full size) can be found at photos.seligs.info/index.php/Parken-Zoo
Check out these all about animals images:
...And Now You Don't
Image by eclectic echoes
This was taken immediately after the "Now You See Us" shot.
Towards the end of our watching on the tidal marshes this mama duck appears from out of the smooth cordgrass with her large brood of ducklings. As we watched she led them across a good 150 yards of marsh, slipping in and out of view. Often we could see nothing of the ducks at all, then mama would poke her head above the grass and look about. A few moments later we would spy them crossing an open channel or glimpse a peek of them edging along an open patch of water. They continued to melt in and out of the grass until we lost sight of them on the far side of the marsh.
A complete write-up of our adventure is on my website Eclectic Echoes.
GeoTagged
20110925 - cats vs. frog - IMG_3640 - hanging out with Oranjello
Image by Rev. Xanatos Satanicos Bombasticos (ClintJCL)
He was a tiny toad.
Oranjello the cat, Oscar the frog.
bathroom, Clint and Carolyn's house, Alexandria, Virginia.
September 25, 2011.
... Read my blog at ClintJCL.wordpress.com
... Read Carolyn's blog at CarolynCASL.wordpress.com
BACKSTORY: After the Descendents concert, we were hanging out in the parking lot waiting for it to clear out a bit before heading to the next venue for the ALL concert. Some poor girl asked us if we had jumper cables, and of course we did. She was very grateful and said, "You are like the 50th person we asked!" (What's with people not carrying jumper cables anymore? You sad, unprepared fucks!)
Anyway, while Clint was helping them, he found a frog in the parking lot. Ok, actually a toad, but still. ALL has a song called Frog, and they talk about catching a frog, and the difficulties of trying to sell it. And now we had a frog! What are the odds. Clint tried to sell the frog, but nobody wanted to buy it, as predicted by the song. The frog in the song is named Oscar, so naturally, this frog's name is now Oscar.
Oscar had an eventful evening that night. He went from the parking lot at the Festival Pier in Philadelphia to a parking garage at the next venue, spent a night in New Jersey, came back to Virginia, met our kitties, and now lives in our back yardwhere he has a lot of space and a creek... And no parking lots or boats mosh pits.
A few nice animals names images I found:
George Forman's new family!
Image by Night-thing
I don't know who named her George Forman or why, but she's gone to a loving home :)
Dialogue
Image by Taraji Blue
Scientific name: Panthera pardus
Location: The Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya
Description: Several trips to Africa previously had not rewarded me with any true sightings of the beautiful leopard. This trip I was determined would be different. A vigil each dusk often returned no results. Determined that my patience would be rewarded, I joined a group on a four hour 'stakeout' to capture a glimpse of this most elusive creature. Scanning undergrowth and craning necks towards the branches of leopard friendly trees, we saw nothing. Nothing! Then we turned a corner on our route homeward and there she was, seemingly waiting for us. Watching. Motionless. I stole this opportunity to make a lifelong dream come true and capture the moment I had always dreamed of - me..eye to eye with a leopard.
Check out these exotic animals images:
alpha animal
Image by Alex [Fino] LA
[Prague Zoo]
A few nice stuff animals images I found:
Suburban Wildlife, July 20, 2013
Image by Maggie Osterberg
Mr. TTT (Squared)
Image by Giant Ginkgo
Mr. TTT is enjoying looking at his twin on Flickr.
Quatchi, Sea to Sky Highway, BC, 2009.
Image by cheri lucas.
Attribution:
Credit: Cheri Lucas
Link to: www.cherilucas.com
Check out these animal cruelty images:
Mistreated crocodile.
Image by damien_farrell
Crocodile having coins thrown at it. Qingdao aquarium. August 2009.
dahling
Image by hockadilly
I'm entering Bertie for Grufts "most stylish" because he is SO stylish, even when he's goofing around he's elegant. He's Burlington Bertie from Bow (well Co Clare actually, but you know what I mean).
one from the archives - he's much less amenable to dressing up these days.
A few nice plush animals images I found:
Miss Kitty
Image by patti haskins
Miss Kitty is the former Las Vegas showgirl now reduced to being a snake handler for a two bit traveling circus.
My entry for The Plush Team's May/June 2011 challenge: Under the Bigtop: A Circus of Misfits
Check out these animal research images:
Gray Fronted Dove
Image by siwild
This Gray Fronted Dove, Leptotila rufaxilla, was photographed in Peru, as part of a research project utilizing motion-activated camera-traps.
You are invited to go WILD on Smithsonian's interactive website, Smithsonian WILD, to learn more about the research and browse photos like this from around the world.
siwild.si.edu/wild.cfm?fid=5493147417
A few nice service animal images I found:
Adoptable Cat Bliss / 2929
Image by Terry Bain
I'm calling her "Bliss" because the shelter has neglected to give her a name (they simply get too many cats this time of year to name them all).
It's still "adopt a shelter cat month." So I suggest you do that if you're thinking of doing so at all. Too many cats. Not enough adoptions.
From the shelter: Looks can be deceiving. At first glance this wonderful young cat looks aloof and disinterested. But just touch her and see what happens. She is EXTREMELY affectionate and loving, very gentle and just a bit shy at times. A very nice cat! Cats without identification are placed for adoption immediately due to the large numbers impounded each day. This shelter impounds so many cats that they may have as little as one day before they are euthanized due to a lack of space. If you see a cat that you are interested in you should act immediately.
www.petfinder.com/pet.cgi?action=2&pet=4626998
wearethecat.bainbooks.com
Spokane County Regional Animal Protection Service
Spokane, WA
509-477-2532
Image by Forest Service Southwestern Region
1940—A sheep camp.
Photo by W. E. Wiltbank
NOTE: The photo is public domain. Please credit U.S. Forest Service when used.
Kicking Off Summer Reading at the Library
Image by Rapid City Public Library
The summer reading mascot, completely made out of balloons by balloon artist Carrie Heater, comes surfing through youth services area of the library.
A few nice extinct animal images I found:
Elephant seal pups on the beach in Big Sur
Image by Michael Ransburg
Elephant seal pups on the beach in Big Sur, California coast, USA
Kenneth Rijsdijk introduces the dodo research
Image by Naturalis: dichter bij de natuur
Earth is like an island, so risk of exctinction is everywhere. Why did some animals NOT become extinct? Important questions raised by Kenneth in his opening speech
Some cool animal rescue shelters images:
Wonderful cats at the Mosaic Feline Rescue (Ann Arbor, Michigan) - Sunday May 12, 2013
Image by cseeman
Volunteering at the Mosaic Feline Rescue in Ann Arbor. These are wonderful cats and are looking for a good home. These photos are from Mother's Day - Sunday May 12, 2013. We have alot from the "Materinty Ward" with all the kittens. Been a while since I have been in - my they have grown! And there are a ton of pics today because of all the new kittens and mothers who are at Mosaic. More kittens are on their way!
Wonderful cats at the Mosaic Feline Rescue (Ann Arbor, Michigan) - Sunday May 12, 2013
Image by cseeman
Volunteering at the Mosaic Feline Rescue in Ann Arbor. These are wonderful cats and are looking for a good home. These photos are from Mother's Day - Sunday May 12, 2013. We have alot from the "Materinty Ward" with all the kittens. Been a while since I have been in - my they have grown! And there are a ton of pics today because of all the new kittens and mothers who are at Mosaic. More kittens are on their way!
Some cool images of animals images:
Kittens and Flowers
Image by Found Animals
View this image on our site for full resolution file.
www.foundanimals.org/photos/image/84-kittens-and-flowers/
This license allows for the use and modification of these images as long as attribution is given to The Found Animals Foundation in the form of a link to our site, www.foundanimals.org or directly to the image hosted at the above url.
Attribution is also required for derivative work.
Use of this images for print can be obtained by contacting The Found Animals Foundation at info@foundanimals.org with the subject "Photo Licensing."
A few nice animal protection images I found:
TUAPA_061009_03
Image by JimmyHsu / 毛導
13/02/2009 7:25 PM: Cher
Image by Barbara.Doduk
Lots of litter. www.rapsociety.com/catsanctuary/
13/02/2009 8:25 PM - Happy?
Image by Barbara.Doduk
www.rapsociety.com/catsanctuary/
Some cool animal protection images:
Sept 4, 2009 4:59 PM: Jamie
Image by Barbara.Doduk
FIV CATS
www.rapsociety.com/catsanctuary
A few nice toy animals images I found:
spider lizard
Image by erix!
it's absolutely safe
snow-covered menagerie
Image by jasoneppink
Felcity the Fox
Image by Comfort Creatures
I made some Amigurumis from patterns I bought from etsy.com. If you're interested in the patterns, check out Sarsel's store.
Read about it on my blog, Comfort Creatures: comfortcreatures.blogspot.com/2011/07/sarsel-gurumi-part-...
A few nice animal abuse images I found:
Flickred
Image by Lst1984
Censrship:
We are the generation that will have to face one of the biggest problems for a democracy: Where´s the limit between the acceptable security and the hardly earned freedorms?
Dwight D. Eisenhower once said: “A people that values its priviledges above its principles soon loses both”
So: What is best? Allow everything including nudty, to protect our freedorm of expression, which costed lots of lives in the past, or protect our minds and our kids from disgusting content?
Maybe, the most of us will agree that showing a 6 years old girl been raped it´s definitively not art, but, even in the case that someone said it is, thats ilegal, so that can be removed from any site on the web.
But, would that be an abuse?
We, as every animal, born nude. Our parents made us having sex. Those are parts of our body as any others (well, I have some extra affection to that part of me, but that´s my case...). Arms are pornography? Feet? There´s people that get hot with feet... So lets ban photos containg feet because they can be used for Is a penis of an adult man into the vagina of an adult woman art? I don´t think so, but I wouldn´t aprove if somebody banned it.
Flickr should be a free site. There are millions of free porno webs in the internet where people can seek for those things. There´s no need of wasting a place like flickr with censorship just because some people abuse the limits of the freedorm of expression.
sexual purposes.
Let´s get serious.
There are thounds of masterpieces of art that show nudity. And I´m just talking about nudity because that´s the theme of the photo. Things such as deleting people´s accounts, preventing them from commenting, selling our democratic convictions just to get into the Chinese maket (and I don´t care if Google did it first) or stuff like that are just dreadful.
We like our freedorms. We like our rights that protect us from real abuse. We want magazines to write and read the opinions of other people, we want voting, to choose our representants, etc.
These are our principles. Sometimes it might looks easier to look in other direction while some of these principles are harassed, like what happened in many parts of the world after 9-11. Yes, we feel a little safer, but things like the US Patriot Act (I mention this one because it´ll be known be most of the people) or others, like the CCTV Cameras that “protect” us, make our world a little closer to Orwell´s nightmare (1984). That´s when we change our principles for priviledges. Freedorm for security, for tranquility. Until we wake up a day and we see that everything´s gone to the toilet and somebody you can´t complain to it´s flushing it.
So, don´t let the consorship get into a place like this. That´s supposed to be a place for photgraphers, to show their work for free, talk/write to other photographers and above all, learn and shared. We don´t get paid for this, except the satisfaction of seeing our work seen by others, commented, faved. Shown.
That´s the kind of place that censorship changes forever.
If it´s not ilegal, let it be.
Don´t allow censorship, flickr-guys.
Please.
Remember Eisenhower: “A people that values its priviledges above its principles soon loses both”
... soon loses both...
1824 Murder at The Tennis Court Inn, Warmley
Image by brizzle born and bred
The Tennis Court Inn, Deanery Road, Warmley, South Gloucestershire BS15 is still trading today.
See Same View 2010
During the evening of the 27 November 1824, James Caines in company with friends, was drinking at The Tennis Court Inn, Warmley. Also drinking at the bar was the local pound-keeper, Isaac Garden. Amongst James’ drinking companions was Francis Britton who started an argument with Garden over the cost of recovering a stray animal and, whilst the subject of the disagreement between these two had nothing whatsoever to do with James or the other friends, as so often happens in such circumstances, Britton’s friends became embroiled in the argument, and the disturbance grew.
As far as can be determined, the sum total of James’ involvement during the commotion appears to have been no worse than the throwing of bits of broken clay pipe in the general direction of Mr.Garden.
Being somewhat outnumbered, Garden left the Inn of his own freewill, and it is believed, without either injury or hindrance. The disturbance in the public house is therefore likely to have been no worse than verbal abuse, accompanied perhaps, by some pushing and shoving. Once outside, Garden appears to have been accosted and knocked or pushed to the ground, but by whom, is unfortunately not recorded. Whether or not Garden was hurt or just shaken, is also not recorded, but for reasons best known to himself, instead of trying to make his own way home, he returned to the bar of the Inn.
One can only guess at Garden’s intention of taking this particular course of action, possibly he was prevented from making his way home by either force or fear or perhaps just feeling unwell. He may possibly have felt more secure inside the hostelry where he may have had friends, or alternatively, he wanted a drink to settle his nerves before quietly returning home.
There may have been the need for a drink or two, to build up sufficient 'Dutch Courage' to follow Britton and to settle a score on a hoped for one-to-one basis. Whatever theories we put to Garden’s motives will never be more than pure speculation, for all that is certain is that Garden remained behind in the Inn, apparently free of any further argument or intimidation, until after James and his friends left the warmth and comfort of the hostelry.
With the Inn closed for the night, and the dank, still air of a late November night invading the surrounding countryside, a coal miner, on his way home from a long fourteen hour shift, stumbled across the battered body of Isaac Garden.
Once his body had been identified, the local constable began to make enquiries, and, soon the story of the previous evening’s altercation, involving Garden and a known group of seven young men in The Tennis Court Inn, became public knowledge.
In reporting his findings to the local magistrates, the constable confirmed that Garden had met his untimely end in a most unpleasant and brutal way. With the then limitations in medical science, and in particular, forensic science, the magistrates had to rely a great deal on their and the constable’s judgement, which was that Garden had been killed by being hit about the head with a blunt instrument, believed to be a clothes-post which had been found near the body.
Also near to where the body lay, was found a knife which was subsequently identified as belonging to a Robert England, already named as being one of the young men in the group of seven. In addition to the knife, the constable had come across a set of muddy footprints, and the imprint in the ground, of a mark where someone had obviously sat down. Rather importantly, there was within this imprint, the additional outline which represented the shape of a patch, where the owner’s trousers had at one time been mended.
By now the constable had the names of the men involved in the altercation with Garden and so, the hunt was on for Francis and Isaac Britton, James Bush (alias Caines), Thomas Wilmot, Mark Whitting, Samuel Peacock and Robert England.
Within a relatively short space of time, the constable had arrested most of the above and, upon checking the state of their trousers, he was soon to have no doubt that the person who had sat near the body was none other than Mark Whitting.
Having been kept in local custody for almost a week, six of the men were, on the 9 December 1824, transferred to Gloucester Gaol, charged on the oath of George Haskins, with suspicion of having, on the night of Saturday 27 November 1824, in the parish of Oldland, feloniously assaulted, killed and murdered, one Isaac Garden.
In the Felons Register, the hand written entries, for the 9 December 1824, describe Francis Britton as being a labourer, 5'2¾' tall, with a pale complexion and rather stout, he was unable to read or write.
Samuel Peacock was a 5'4' tall cordwainer, also with a pale complexion, a long face, with a large nose and a scar on his forehead, he could both read and write.
Mark Whitting was another labourer, just shorter than Peacock, with brown hair and brown eyes, he could read a little, but not write. Robert England was the shortest man, just 5’0¾' tall, a collier by trade, with an oval face, very much marked by the after effects of smallpox.
Whilst Thomas Wilmot is not described, James Caines is shown to be 5'4½' tall, with brown hair, grey eyes, a dark complexion, and a full face with several visible scars resulting from his employment as a collier, he also could neither read or write.
This just leaves Isaac Britton, who was to arrive at the gaol some four days later, having been similarly charged with Garden’s murder.
Almost 170 years after the event, it is difficult to make a sound judgement on the subsequent actions of the presiding magistrates or judge. There are, of course, decisions taken in today’s Court Rooms which are hard to understand, and we should perhaps put the decisions taken in this case into the same category. However there does seem to be strong grounds for believing that the decisions then taken, were, to say the very least, preposterous, if not somewhat prejudicial.
During the constable’s enquiries, he had discovered that whilst the argument had started over a disagreement between Francis Britton and Isaac Garden, and was originally just between those two, when the altercation began to encompass Britton’s friends, it had been Thomas Wilmot who was the first to physically assault Garden.
Following such evidence as this (presumably there were witnesses to the attack), it might have been expected that Wilmot would have become one of the prime suspects of the violence perpetrated upon Garden, but this was not to be so as, all charges in this case against Wilmot were dropped and, he walked free.
Francis Britton was the instigator of the argument, and no doubt, egged on by his son Isaac and, the demon drink, appears to have taken a leading roll in upsetting Garden’s evening. No specific evidence was put forward to suggest that they were involved with the subsequent murder, and they were also found not guilty. Similarly the charge against Samuel Peacock was also dropped.
It will of course be remembered, that a knife belonging to Robert England was found near Garden’s body. Whilst there was no evidence that Garden had suffered any knife wounds, the discovery of the knife would seem to indicate that England had been at the scene, either before the murder was committed, or not long afterwards. It is of course possible that the knife had either been borrowed from England. and dropped by the murderer or, had been deliberately placed there just to incriminate him. Whatever the reason, the judge was satisfied that England was not involved, and like the other four, he also was found not guilty, and walked free.
Undoubtedly, a murder had been committed and someone had to be punished. If the crime had not been perpetrated by five of those involved in the altercation then, it must have been carried out by the other two, and it should not be forgotten, that for one of those left, there was the damning evidence of the trouser seat imprint whilst the other was, after all, a member of that infamous Caines family.
The only other 'evidence' which was brought before the learned judge was that, in the opinion of the constable, the muddy footprints matched those of Caines.
It would therefore appear to have been an open and shut case against Caines and Whitting with undisputed, (as far as the law was concerned), evidence in the mud surrounding Garden’s body, plus the known fact that both men were part of a group of seven who argued with, and may have pushed and shoved the poor unfortunate victim in the presence of witnesses in the bar of The Tennis Court Inn. No evidence was brought forward by the prosecution that either of the two defendants had struck the fatal blow, or that they were anywhere near Garden when the blows were made.
Whether James, or indeed any of the seven drinking companions, were ever involved in the murder of Isaac Garden, will now never be known. For the young, unintelligent James, there was an unfortunate legacy which caused his continued plea of not guilty to fall on deaf ears, this being that he liked to use Caines as his surname and that he was, without doubt, part of the Caines dynasty.
The fact that both Caines and Whitting may have simply watched the beating or, had gone to Garden’s help, after he had been killed by persons unknown, or had visited the site of the murder out of some morbid curiosity, does not seem to have entered the minds of those who tried the case. Certainly there was no benefit of the doubt shown and, thus, no way of escaping the hangman’s noose, as both young men were found guilty and sentenced to death.
Like his Uncle Benjamin before him, 20 year old James Caines Bush was publicly hanged at Gloucester prison on the 11th April 1825.
The following day, to add to his mother’s grief and worry, James’ younger brother Francis, was brought to Gloucester Prison in chains, charged with highway robbery. Subsequently, Francis was to follow in his father’s footsteps when, as a result of this charge, he was sentenced to be transported to Australia.
Life had many different values in the early nineteenth century to those held today.
There was, for example, no welfare state to 'fall-back on', life was extremely hard and tough, producing very few pleasures, and where even a minor (in today’s terms) illness could cause a great deal of pain and suffering. Death was probably more easily accepted simply because it was much more visible than it is today, particularly with a high infant mortality rate. In addition there was a huge gap in wealth and living conditions between the ruling class and, the working class.
The majority of the crime which occurred during the dynasty of the Caines, was probably petty and totally unsophisticated. Almost certainly, a great amount of crime, both petty and serious, went unrecorded and unpunished, and much was probably of a domestic nature.
See Links Below for the history of The Cock Road Gang Kingswood and The Caines Family History
www.flickr.com/photos/brizzlebornandbred/3319337224/
www.flickr.com/photos/brizzlebornandbred/2019209332/
www.flickr.com/photos/brizzlebornandbred/2019209612/
www.flickr.com/photos/brizzlebornandbred/3319293364/
Hey Sheepy
Image by Sandra Regina
This sheep really, really wanted the grass on the other side. I think. From the Donkey Sanctuary in Guelph.
www.donkeysanctuary.ca
They take in donkeys and other neglected or abused farm animals (like sheep!) and give them a place to stay for the rest of the animals lives. They do not sell or breed them (and they don't buy them any more; they work with various humane societies instead). They sometimes foster out the animals they have to carefully screened farms.
On the 2nd Sunday in June, every year, people are encouraged to visit the Sanctuary and learn about donkeys, mules, and hinnies (including grooming them, what they eat, etc). They have entertainment, donkey rides, even a picnic lunch. It is possible to visit the Sanctuary at other times during the year, but check the website for "Open Days" since they're not open to the public all the time. Also, throughout the year, they offer a variety of educational programs and even a 'life skills' camp for kids.
A few nice animal movie images I found:
Ben Mendelsohn
Image by Eva Rinaldi Celebrity and Live Music Photographer
Killing Then Softly movie premiere at Dendy Opera Quays
'Killing Them Softly' enjoyed its Sydney, Australia movie premiere at Dendy Opera Quays this evening.
Writer/ director Andrew Dominik (Chopper, The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford) and star of the film Ben Mendelsohn (The Dark Knight Rises, Animal Kingdom) will attend the Australian premiere of KILLING
THEM SOFTLY on Monday 24 September.
Other guests attending include Bella Heathcote, Aaron Glenane, Brenna Harding, Elizabeth Blackmore, Felix Willamson, Gillian Armstrong, James Frecheville, John Jarratt Khan Chittenden, Krew Boylan, Leanna Walsman, Mary
Coustas, Matthew Nable, Peter Phelps, Sacha Horler, Samara Weaving, Sarah Snook, Sean Keenan and Toby Schmitz.
Adapted from George V. Higgins novel and set in New Orleans, Killing Them Softly follows professional enforcer, Jackie Cogan (Pitt), who investigates a heist that occurs during a high stakes, mob-protected poker game.
Plot:
Jackie Cogan is a professional enforcer who investigates a heist that went down during a mob-protected poker game.
Director: Andrew Dominik
Writers: Andrew Dominik (screenplay), George V. Higgins (novel)
Stars: Brad Pitt, Ray Liotta and Richard Jenkins
IN CINEMAS 11 OCTOBER 2012
Websites
Killing Them Softly
www.killingthemsoftlymovie.com
Dendy Cinemas
www.dendy.com.au
Eva Rinaldi Photography
www.evarinaldi.com
Eva Rinaldi Photography Flickr
www.flickr.com/evarinaldiphotography
Music News Australia
www.musicnewsaustralia.com
Nixco
www.nixco.com.au
Check out these toy animals images:
Giraffe Family
Image by dog.happy.art
"While flying over the African plain with Bob Redford, I spotted this little family."
Giraffe figurines: Large dark male is from Schleich; female and baby are from Mojo. 7", 5½", and 4¼" tall. Mar. 2012.
DSCF0063
Image by lucyb_22
Experimenting with my new toy.
SOOC JPG.
A few nice names for animals images I found:
Petrified wood, Bryce Canyon National Park, southwestern Utah
Image by james_gordon_losangeles
Bryce Canyon National Park is a national park located in southwestern Utah in the United States. The major feature of the park is Bryce Canyon, which despite its name, is not a canyon but a collection of giant natural amphitheaters along the eastern side of the Paunsaugunt Plateau. Bryce is distinctive due to geological structures called hoodoos, formed by frost weathering and stream erosion of the river and lake bed sedimentary rocks. The red, orange, and white colors of the rocks provide spectacular views for park visitors. Bryce sits at a much higher elevation than nearby Zion National Park. The rim at Bryce varies from 8,000 to 9,000 feet (2,400 to 2,700 m).
The Bryce Canyon area was settled by Mormon pioneers in the 1850s and was named after Ebenezer Bryce, who homesteaded in the area in 1874. The area around Bryce Canyon became a National Monument in 1923 and was designated as a National Park in 1928. The park covers 35,835 acres (55.99 sq mi; 145.02 km2) and receives relatively few visitors compared to Zion National Park and the Grand Canyon, largely due to its remote location.
Geography and climate
Bryce Canyon National Park is located in southwestern Utah about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of and 1,000 feet (300 m) higher than Zion National Park. The weather in Bryce Canyon is therefore cooler, and the park receives more precipitation: a total of 15 to 18 inches (38 to 46 cm) per year.
Yearly temperatures vary from an average minimum of 9 °F (−13 °C) in January to an average maximum of 83 °F (28 °C) in July, but extreme temperatures can range from −30 °F to 97 °F (−34 °C to 36 °C). The record high temperature in the park was 98 °F (37 °C) on July 14, 2002. The record low temperature was −28 °F (−33 °C) on December 10, 1972.
The national park lies within the Colorado Plateau geographic province of North America and straddles the southeastern edge of the Paunsagunt Plateau west of the Paunsagunt Fault (Paunsagunt is Paiute for "home of the beaver").[9] Park visitors arrive from the plateau part of the park and look over the plateau's edge toward a valley containing the fault and the Paria River just beyond it (Paria is Paiute for "muddy or elk water"). The edge of the Kaiparowits Plateau bounds the opposite side of the valley.
Bryce PointBryce Canyon was not formed from erosion initiated from a central stream, meaning it technically is not a canyon. Instead headward erosion has excavated large amphitheater-shaped features in the Cenozoic-aged rocks of the Paunsagunt Plateau. This erosion exposed delicate and colorful pinnacles called hoodoos that are up to 200 feet (61 m) high. A series of amphitheaters extends more than 20 miles (32 km) north-to-south within the park. The largest is Bryce Amphitheater, which is 12 miles (19 km) long, 3 miles (4.8 km) wide and 800 feet (240 m) deep. A nearby example of amphitheaters with hoodoos in the same formation but at a higher elevation, is in Cedar Breaks National Monument, which is 25 miles (40 km) to the west on the Markagunt Plateau.
Rainbow Point, the highest part of the park at 9,105 feet (2,775 m), is at the end of the 18-mile (29 km) scenic drive. From there, Aquarius Plateau, Bryce Amphitheater, the Henry Mountains, the Vermilion Cliffs and the White Cliffs can be seen. Yellow Creek, where it exits the park in the north-east section, is the lowest part of the park at 6,620 feet (2,020 m).
[edit] Human history[edit] Native American habitationLittle is known about early human habitation in the Bryce Canyon area. Archaeological surveys of Bryce Canyon National Park and the Paunsaugunt Plateau show that people have been in the area for at least 10,000 years. Basketmaker Anasazi artifacts several thousand years old have been found south of the park. Other artifacts from the Pueblo-period Anasazi and the Fremont culture (up to the mid-12th century) have also been found.
The Paiute Indians moved into the surrounding valleys and plateaus in the area around the same time that the other cultures left. These Native Americans hunted and gathered for most of their food, but also supplemented their diet with some cultivated products. The Paiute in the area developed a mythology surrounding the hoodoos (pinnacles) in Bryce Canyon. They believed that hoodoos were the Legend People whom the trickster Coyote turned to stone. At least one older Paiute said his culture called the hoodoos Anka-ku-was-a-wits, which is Paiute for "red painted faces".
European American exploration and settlementIt was not until the late 18th and the early 19th century that the first European Americans explored the remote and hard-to-reach area. Mormon scouts visited the area in the 1850s to gauge its potential for agricultural development, use for grazing, and settlement.
Ebenezer Bryce and his family lived in Bryce Canyon, in this cabin, here photographed c. 1881.The first major scientific expedition to the area was led by U.S. Army Major John Wesley Powell in 1872. Powell, along with a team of mapmakers and geologists, surveyed the Sevier and Virgin River area as part of a larger survey of the Colorado Plateaus. His mapmakers kept many of the Paiute place names.
Small groups of Mormon pioneers followed and attempted to settle east of Bryce Canyon along the Paria River. In 1873, the Kanarra Cattle Company started to use the area for cattle grazing.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints sent Scottish immigrant Ebenezer Bryce and his wife Mary to settle land in the Paria Valley because they thought his carpentry skills would be useful in the area. The Bryce family chose to live right below Bryce Canyon Amphitheater. Bryce grazed his cattle inside what are now park borders, and reputedly thought that the amphitheaters were a "helluva place to lose a cow." He also built a road to the plateau to retrieve firewood and timber, and a canal to irrigate his crops and water his animals. Other settlers soon started to call the unusual place "Bryce's canyon", which was later formalized into Bryce Canyon.
A combination of drought, overgrazing and flooding eventually drove the remaining Paiutes from the area and prompted the settlers to attempt construction of a water diversion channel from the Sevier River drainage. When that effort failed, most of the settlers, including the Bryce family, left the area.
Bryce moved his family to Arizona in 1880. The remaining settlers dug a 10 miles (16 km) ditch from the Sevier's east fork into Tropic Valley.
Creation of the park
Bryce Canyon Lodge was built between 1924 and 1925 from local materials.These scenic areas were first described for the public in magazine articles published by Union Pacific and Santa Fe railroads in 1916. People like Forest Supervisor J. W. Humphrey promoted the scenic wonders of Bryce Canyon's amphitheaters, and by 1918 nationally distributed articles also helped to spark interest. However, poor access to the remote area and the lack of accommodations kept visitation to a bare minimum.
Ruby Syrett, Harold Bowman and the Perry brothers later built modest lodging, and set up "touring services" in the area. Syrett later served as the first postmaster of Bryce Canyon. Visitation steadily increased, and by the early 1920s the Union Pacific Railroad became interested in expanding rail service into southwestern Utah to accommodate more tourists.
In 1928 the canyon became a National Park. It now has this visitors' center.At the same time, conservationists became alarmed by the damage overgrazing and logging on the plateau, along with unregulated visitation, were having on the fragile features of Bryce Canyon. A movement to have the area protected was soon started, and National Park Service Director Stephen Mather responded by proposing that Bryce Canyon be made into a state park. The governor of Utah and the Utah Legislature, however, lobbied for national protection of the area. Mather relented and sent his recommendation to President Warren G. Harding, who on June 8, 1923 declared Bryce Canyon National Monument into existence.
A road was built the same year on the plateau to provide easy access to outlooks over the amphitheaters. From 1924 to 1925, Bryce Canyon Lodge was built from local timber and stone.
Members of U.S. Congress started work in 1924 on upgrading Bryce Canyon's protection status from a U.S. National Monument to a National Park in order to establish Utah National Park.
A process led by the Utah Parks Company for transferring ownership of private and state-held land in the monument to the federal government started in 1923. The last of the land in the proposed park's borders was sold to the federal government four years later, and on February 25, 1928, the renamed Bryce Canyon National Park was established.
In 1931, President Herbert Hoover annexed an adjoining area south of the park, and in 1942 an additional 635 acres (2.57 km2) was added.[11] This brought the park's total area to the current figure of 35,835 acres (145.02 km2). Rim Road, the scenic drive that is still used today, was completed in 1934 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. Administration of the park was conducted from neighboring Zion Canyon National Park until 1956, when Bryce Canyon's first superintendent started work.
More recent history
The USS Bryce Canyon was named for the park and served as a supply and repair ship in the U.S. Pacific Fleet from September 15, 1950, to June 30, 1981.
Bryce Canyon Natural History Association (BCNHA) was established in 1961. It runs the bookstore inside the park visitor center and is a non-profit organization created to aid the interpretive, educational and scientific activities of the National Park Service at Bryce Canyon National Park. A portion of the profits from all bookstore sales are donated to public land units.
Responding to increased visitation and traffic congestion, the National Park Service implemented a voluntary, summer-only, in-park shuttle system in June 2000. In 2004, reconstruction began on the aging and inadequate road system in the park.
Geology of the Bryce Canyon area
Erosion of sedimentary rocks has created natural arches.
Thor's Hammer.The Bryce Canyon area shows a record of deposition that spans from the last part of the Cretaceous period and the first half of the Cenozoic era. The ancient depositional environment of the region around what is now the park varied. The Dakota Sandstone and the Tropic Shale were deposited in the warm, shallow waters of the advancing and retreating Cretaceous Seaway (outcrops of these rocks are found just outside park borders). The colorful Claron Formation, from which the park's delicate hoodoos are carved, was laid down as sediments in a system of cool streams and lakes that existed from 63 to about 40 million years ago (from the Paleocene to the Eocene epochs). Different sediment types were laid down as the lakes deepened and became shallow and as the shoreline and river deltas migrated.
Several other formations were also created but were mostly eroded away following two major periods of uplift. The Laramide orogeny affected the entire western part of what would become North America starting about 70 million to 50 million years ago. This event helped to build the Rocky Mountains and in the process closed the Cretaceous Seaway. The Straight Cliffs, Wahweap, and Kaiparowits formations were victims of this uplift. The Colorado Plateaus were uplifted 16 million years ago and were segmented into different plateaus, each separated from its neighbors by faults and each having its own uplift rate. The Boat Mesa Conglomerate and the Sevier River Formation were removed by erosion following this uplift.
Vertical joints were created by this uplift, which were eventually (and still are) preferentially eroded. The easily eroded Pink Cliffs of the Claron Formation responded by forming freestanding pinnacles in badlands called hoodoos, while the more resistant White Cliffs formed monoliths. The brown, pink and red colors are from hematite (iron oxide; Fe2O3); the yellows from limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O); and the purples are from pyrolusite (MnO2). Also created were arches, natural bridges, walls, and windows. Hoodoos are composed of soft sedimentary rock and are topped by a piece of harder, less easily eroded stone that protects the column from the elements. Bryce Canyon has one of the highest concentrations of hoodoos of any place on Earth.
The formations exposed in the area of the park are part of the Grand Staircase. The oldest members of this supersequence of rock units are exposed in the Grand Canyon, the intermediate ones in Zion National Park, and its youngest parts are laid bare in Bryce Canyon area. A small amount of overlap occurs in and around each park.
Biology
Mule deer are the most common large animals found in the park.More than 400 native plant species live in the park. There are three life zones in the park based on elevation: The lowest areas of the park are dominated by dwarf forests of pinyon pine and juniper with manzanita, serviceberry, and antelope bitterbrush in between. Aspen, cottonwood, Water Birch, and Willow grow along streams. Ponderosa Pine forests cover the mid-elevations with Blue Spruce and Douglas-fir in water-rich areas and manzanita and bitterbrush as underbrush. Douglas-fir and White Fir, along with Aspen and Engelmann Spruce, make up the forests on the Paunsaugunt Plateau. The harshest areas have Limber Pine and ancient Great Basin Bristlecone Pine, some more than 1,600 years old, holding on.
Bryce Canyon has extensive fir forests.The forests and meadows of Bryce Canyon provide the habitat to support diverse animal life, from birds and small mammals to foxes and occasional bobcats, mountain lions, and black bears. Mule deer are the most common large mammals in the park. Elk and pronghorn, which have been reintroduced nearby, sometimes venture into the park.
Bryce Canyon National Park forms part of the habitat of three wildlife species that are listed under the Endangered Species Act: the Utah Prairie Dog, the California Condor, and the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher. The Utah Prairie Dog is a threatened species that was reintroduced to the park for conservation, and the largest protected population is found within the park's boundaries.
About 170 species of birds visit the park each year, including swifts and swallows. Most species migrate to warmer regions in winter, although jays, ravens, nuthatches, eagles, and owls stay. In winter, the mule deer, mountain lion, and coyotes migrate to lower elevations.
Ground squirrels and marmots pass the winter in hibernation.
Eleven species of reptiles and four species of amphibians have been found at in the park. Reptiles include the Great Basin Rattlesnake, Short-horned Lizard, Side-blotched Lizard, Striped Whipsnake, and the Tiger Salamander.
Also in the park are the black, lumpy, very slow-growing colonies of cryptobiotic soil, which are a mix of lichens, algae, fungi, and cyanobacteria. Together these organisms slow erosion, add nitrogen to soil, and help it to retain moisture.
While humans have greatly reduced the amount of habitat that is available to wildlife in most parts of the United States, the relative scarcity of water in southern Utah restricts human development and helps account for the region's greatly enhanced diversity of wildlife.
Activities
There are marked trails for hiking, for which snowshoes are required in winter.
Navajo Trail. Trees are Pseudotsuga menziesii and Pinus ponderosa.Most park visitors sightsee using the scenic drive, which provides access to 13 viewpoints over the amphitheaters. Bryce Canyon has eight marked and maintained hiking trails that can be hiked in less than a day (round trip time, trailhead): Mossy Cave (one hour, State Route 12 northwest of Tropic), Rim Trail (5–6 hours, anywhere on rim), Bristlecone Loop (one hour, Rainbow Point), and Queens Garden (1–2 hours, Sunrise Point) are easy to moderate hikes. Navajo Loop (1–2 hours, Sunset Point) and Tower Bridge (2–3 hours, north of Sunrise Point) are moderate hikes. Fairyland Loop (4–5 hours, Fairyland Point) and Peekaboo Loop (3–4 hours, Bryce Point) are strenuous hikes. Several of these trails intersect, allowing hikers to combine routes for more challenging hikes.
The park also has two trails designated for overnight hiking: the 9-mile (14 km) Riggs Spring Loop Trail and the 23-mile (37 km) Under-the-Rim Trail. Both require a backcountry camping permit. In total there are 50 miles (80 km) of trails in the park.
Horse riding is available in the park from April through October.More than 10 miles (16 km) of marked but ungroomed skiing trails are available off of Fairyland, Paria, and Rim trails in the park. Twenty miles (32 km) of connecting groomed ski trails are in nearby Dixie National Forest and Ruby's Inn.
The air in the area is so clear that on most days from Yovimpa and Rainbow points, Navajo Mountain and the Kaibab Plateau can be seen 90 miles (140 km) away in Arizona. On extremely clear days, the Black Mesas of eastern Arizona and western New Mexico can be seen some 160 miles (260 km) away.
The park also has a 7.4 magnitude night sky, making it one of the darkest in North America. Stargazers can therefore see 7,500 stars with the naked eye, while in most places fewer than 2,000 can be seen due to light pollution (in many large cities only a few dozen can be seen). Park rangers host public stargazing events and evening programs on astronomy, nocturnal animals, and night sky protection. The Bryce Canyon Astronomy Festival, typically held in June, attracts thousands of visitors. In honor of this astronomy festival, Asteroid 49272 was named after the national park.
There are two campgrounds in the park, North Campground and Sunset Campground. Loop A in North Campground is open year-round. Additional loops and Sunset Campground are open from late spring to early autumn. The 114-room Bryce Canyon Lodge is another way to overnight in the park.
A favorite activity of most visitors is landscape photography. With Bryce Canyon's high altitude and clean air, the sunrise and sunset photographs can be spectacular.
Bryce Canyon National Park, southwestern Utah
Image by james_gordon_losangeles
Bryce Canyon National Park is a national park located in southwestern Utah in the United States. The major feature of the park is Bryce Canyon, which despite its name, is not a canyon but a collection of giant natural amphitheaters along the eastern side of the Paunsaugunt Plateau. Bryce is distinctive due to geological structures called hoodoos, formed by frost weathering and stream erosion of the river and lake bed sedimentary rocks. The red, orange, and white colors of the rocks provide spectacular views for park visitors. Bryce sits at a much higher elevation than nearby Zion National Park. The rim at Bryce varies from 8,000 to 9,000 feet (2,400 to 2,700 m).
The Bryce Canyon area was settled by Mormon pioneers in the 1850s and was named after Ebenezer Bryce, who homesteaded in the area in 1874. The area around Bryce Canyon became a National Monument in 1923 and was designated as a National Park in 1928. The park covers 35,835 acres (55.99 sq mi; 145.02 km2) and receives relatively few visitors compared to Zion National Park and the Grand Canyon, largely due to its remote location.
Geography and climate
Bryce Canyon National Park is located in southwestern Utah about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of and 1,000 feet (300 m) higher than Zion National Park. The weather in Bryce Canyon is therefore cooler, and the park receives more precipitation: a total of 15 to 18 inches (38 to 46 cm) per year.
Yearly temperatures vary from an average minimum of 9 °F (−13 °C) in January to an average maximum of 83 °F (28 °C) in July, but extreme temperatures can range from −30 °F to 97 °F (−34 °C to 36 °C). The record high temperature in the park was 98 °F (37 °C) on July 14, 2002. The record low temperature was −28 °F (−33 °C) on December 10, 1972.
The national park lies within the Colorado Plateau geographic province of North America and straddles the southeastern edge of the Paunsagunt Plateau west of the Paunsagunt Fault (Paunsagunt is Paiute for "home of the beaver").[9] Park visitors arrive from the plateau part of the park and look over the plateau's edge toward a valley containing the fault and the Paria River just beyond it (Paria is Paiute for "muddy or elk water"). The edge of the Kaiparowits Plateau bounds the opposite side of the valley.
Bryce PointBryce Canyon was not formed from erosion initiated from a central stream, meaning it technically is not a canyon. Instead headward erosion has excavated large amphitheater-shaped features in the Cenozoic-aged rocks of the Paunsagunt Plateau. This erosion exposed delicate and colorful pinnacles called hoodoos that are up to 200 feet (61 m) high. A series of amphitheaters extends more than 20 miles (32 km) north-to-south within the park. The largest is Bryce Amphitheater, which is 12 miles (19 km) long, 3 miles (4.8 km) wide and 800 feet (240 m) deep. A nearby example of amphitheaters with hoodoos in the same formation but at a higher elevation, is in Cedar Breaks National Monument, which is 25 miles (40 km) to the west on the Markagunt Plateau.
Rainbow Point, the highest part of the park at 9,105 feet (2,775 m), is at the end of the 18-mile (29 km) scenic drive. From there, Aquarius Plateau, Bryce Amphitheater, the Henry Mountains, the Vermilion Cliffs and the White Cliffs can be seen. Yellow Creek, where it exits the park in the north-east section, is the lowest part of the park at 6,620 feet (2,020 m).
[edit] Human history[edit] Native American habitationLittle is known about early human habitation in the Bryce Canyon area. Archaeological surveys of Bryce Canyon National Park and the Paunsaugunt Plateau show that people have been in the area for at least 10,000 years. Basketmaker Anasazi artifacts several thousand years old have been found south of the park. Other artifacts from the Pueblo-period Anasazi and the Fremont culture (up to the mid-12th century) have also been found.
The Paiute Indians moved into the surrounding valleys and plateaus in the area around the same time that the other cultures left. These Native Americans hunted and gathered for most of their food, but also supplemented their diet with some cultivated products. The Paiute in the area developed a mythology surrounding the hoodoos (pinnacles) in Bryce Canyon. They believed that hoodoos were the Legend People whom the trickster Coyote turned to stone. At least one older Paiute said his culture called the hoodoos Anka-ku-was-a-wits, which is Paiute for "red painted faces".
European American exploration and settlementIt was not until the late 18th and the early 19th century that the first European Americans explored the remote and hard-to-reach area. Mormon scouts visited the area in the 1850s to gauge its potential for agricultural development, use for grazing, and settlement.
Ebenezer Bryce and his family lived in Bryce Canyon, in this cabin, here photographed c. 1881.The first major scientific expedition to the area was led by U.S. Army Major John Wesley Powell in 1872. Powell, along with a team of mapmakers and geologists, surveyed the Sevier and Virgin River area as part of a larger survey of the Colorado Plateaus. His mapmakers kept many of the Paiute place names.
Small groups of Mormon pioneers followed and attempted to settle east of Bryce Canyon along the Paria River. In 1873, the Kanarra Cattle Company started to use the area for cattle grazing.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints sent Scottish immigrant Ebenezer Bryce and his wife Mary to settle land in the Paria Valley because they thought his carpentry skills would be useful in the area. The Bryce family chose to live right below Bryce Canyon Amphitheater. Bryce grazed his cattle inside what are now park borders, and reputedly thought that the amphitheaters were a "helluva place to lose a cow." He also built a road to the plateau to retrieve firewood and timber, and a canal to irrigate his crops and water his animals. Other settlers soon started to call the unusual place "Bryce's canyon", which was later formalized into Bryce Canyon.
A combination of drought, overgrazing and flooding eventually drove the remaining Paiutes from the area and prompted the settlers to attempt construction of a water diversion channel from the Sevier River drainage. When that effort failed, most of the settlers, including the Bryce family, left the area.
Bryce moved his family to Arizona in 1880. The remaining settlers dug a 10 miles (16 km) ditch from the Sevier's east fork into Tropic Valley.
Creation of the park
Bryce Canyon Lodge was built between 1924 and 1925 from local materials.These scenic areas were first described for the public in magazine articles published by Union Pacific and Santa Fe railroads in 1916. People like Forest Supervisor J. W. Humphrey promoted the scenic wonders of Bryce Canyon's amphitheaters, and by 1918 nationally distributed articles also helped to spark interest. However, poor access to the remote area and the lack of accommodations kept visitation to a bare minimum.
Ruby Syrett, Harold Bowman and the Perry brothers later built modest lodging, and set up "touring services" in the area. Syrett later served as the first postmaster of Bryce Canyon. Visitation steadily increased, and by the early 1920s the Union Pacific Railroad became interested in expanding rail service into southwestern Utah to accommodate more tourists.
In 1928 the canyon became a National Park. It now has this visitors' center.At the same time, conservationists became alarmed by the damage overgrazing and logging on the plateau, along with unregulated visitation, were having on the fragile features of Bryce Canyon. A movement to have the area protected was soon started, and National Park Service Director Stephen Mather responded by proposing that Bryce Canyon be made into a state park. The governor of Utah and the Utah Legislature, however, lobbied for national protection of the area. Mather relented and sent his recommendation to President Warren G. Harding, who on June 8, 1923 declared Bryce Canyon National Monument into existence.
A road was built the same year on the plateau to provide easy access to outlooks over the amphitheaters. From 1924 to 1925, Bryce Canyon Lodge was built from local timber and stone.
Members of U.S. Congress started work in 1924 on upgrading Bryce Canyon's protection status from a U.S. National Monument to a National Park in order to establish Utah National Park.
A process led by the Utah Parks Company for transferring ownership of private and state-held land in the monument to the federal government started in 1923. The last of the land in the proposed park's borders was sold to the federal government four years later, and on February 25, 1928, the renamed Bryce Canyon National Park was established.
In 1931, President Herbert Hoover annexed an adjoining area south of the park, and in 1942 an additional 635 acres (2.57 km2) was added.[11] This brought the park's total area to the current figure of 35,835 acres (145.02 km2). Rim Road, the scenic drive that is still used today, was completed in 1934 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. Administration of the park was conducted from neighboring Zion Canyon National Park until 1956, when Bryce Canyon's first superintendent started work.
More recent history
The USS Bryce Canyon was named for the park and served as a supply and repair ship in the U.S. Pacific Fleet from September 15, 1950, to June 30, 1981.
Bryce Canyon Natural History Association (BCNHA) was established in 1961. It runs the bookstore inside the park visitor center and is a non-profit organization created to aid the interpretive, educational and scientific activities of the National Park Service at Bryce Canyon National Park. A portion of the profits from all bookstore sales are donated to public land units.
Responding to increased visitation and traffic congestion, the National Park Service implemented a voluntary, summer-only, in-park shuttle system in June 2000. In 2004, reconstruction began on the aging and inadequate road system in the park.
Geology of the Bryce Canyon area
Erosion of sedimentary rocks has created natural arches.
Thor's Hammer.The Bryce Canyon area shows a record of deposition that spans from the last part of the Cretaceous period and the first half of the Cenozoic era. The ancient depositional environment of the region around what is now the park varied. The Dakota Sandstone and the Tropic Shale were deposited in the warm, shallow waters of the advancing and retreating Cretaceous Seaway (outcrops of these rocks are found just outside park borders). The colorful Claron Formation, from which the park's delicate hoodoos are carved, was laid down as sediments in a system of cool streams and lakes that existed from 63 to about 40 million years ago (from the Paleocene to the Eocene epochs). Different sediment types were laid down as the lakes deepened and became shallow and as the shoreline and river deltas migrated.
Several other formations were also created but were mostly eroded away following two major periods of uplift. The Laramide orogeny affected the entire western part of what would become North America starting about 70 million to 50 million years ago. This event helped to build the Rocky Mountains and in the process closed the Cretaceous Seaway. The Straight Cliffs, Wahweap, and Kaiparowits formations were victims of this uplift. The Colorado Plateaus were uplifted 16 million years ago and were segmented into different plateaus, each separated from its neighbors by faults and each having its own uplift rate. The Boat Mesa Conglomerate and the Sevier River Formation were removed by erosion following this uplift.
Vertical joints were created by this uplift, which were eventually (and still are) preferentially eroded. The easily eroded Pink Cliffs of the Claron Formation responded by forming freestanding pinnacles in badlands called hoodoos, while the more resistant White Cliffs formed monoliths. The brown, pink and red colors are from hematite (iron oxide; Fe2O3); the yellows from limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O); and the purples are from pyrolusite (MnO2). Also created were arches, natural bridges, walls, and windows. Hoodoos are composed of soft sedimentary rock and are topped by a piece of harder, less easily eroded stone that protects the column from the elements. Bryce Canyon has one of the highest concentrations of hoodoos of any place on Earth.
The formations exposed in the area of the park are part of the Grand Staircase. The oldest members of this supersequence of rock units are exposed in the Grand Canyon, the intermediate ones in Zion National Park, and its youngest parts are laid bare in Bryce Canyon area. A small amount of overlap occurs in and around each park.
Biology
Mule deer are the most common large animals found in the park.More than 400 native plant species live in the park. There are three life zones in the park based on elevation: The lowest areas of the park are dominated by dwarf forests of pinyon pine and juniper with manzanita, serviceberry, and antelope bitterbrush in between. Aspen, cottonwood, Water Birch, and Willow grow along streams. Ponderosa Pine forests cover the mid-elevations with Blue Spruce and Douglas-fir in water-rich areas and manzanita and bitterbrush as underbrush. Douglas-fir and White Fir, along with Aspen and Engelmann Spruce, make up the forests on the Paunsaugunt Plateau. The harshest areas have Limber Pine and ancient Great Basin Bristlecone Pine, some more than 1,600 years old, holding on.
Bryce Canyon has extensive fir forests.The forests and meadows of Bryce Canyon provide the habitat to support diverse animal life, from birds and small mammals to foxes and occasional bobcats, mountain lions, and black bears. Mule deer are the most common large mammals in the park. Elk and pronghorn, which have been reintroduced nearby, sometimes venture into the park.
Bryce Canyon National Park forms part of the habitat of three wildlife species that are listed under the Endangered Species Act: the Utah Prairie Dog, the California Condor, and the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher. The Utah Prairie Dog is a threatened species that was reintroduced to the park for conservation, and the largest protected population is found within the park's boundaries.
About 170 species of birds visit the park each year, including swifts and swallows. Most species migrate to warmer regions in winter, although jays, ravens, nuthatches, eagles, and owls stay. In winter, the mule deer, mountain lion, and coyotes migrate to lower elevations.
Ground squirrels and marmots pass the winter in hibernation.
Eleven species of reptiles and four species of amphibians have been found at in the park. Reptiles include the Great Basin Rattlesnake, Short-horned Lizard, Side-blotched Lizard, Striped Whipsnake, and the Tiger Salamander.
Also in the park are the black, lumpy, very slow-growing colonies of cryptobiotic soil, which are a mix of lichens, algae, fungi, and cyanobacteria. Together these organisms slow erosion, add nitrogen to soil, and help it to retain moisture.
While humans have greatly reduced the amount of habitat that is available to wildlife in most parts of the United States, the relative scarcity of water in southern Utah restricts human development and helps account for the region's greatly enhanced diversity of wildlife.
Activities
There are marked trails for hiking, for which snowshoes are required in winter.
Navajo Trail. Trees are Pseudotsuga menziesii and Pinus ponderosa.Most park visitors sightsee using the scenic drive, which provides access to 13 viewpoints over the amphitheaters. Bryce Canyon has eight marked and maintained hiking trails that can be hiked in less than a day (round trip time, trailhead): Mossy Cave (one hour, State Route 12 northwest of Tropic), Rim Trail (5–6 hours, anywhere on rim), Bristlecone Loop (one hour, Rainbow Point), and Queens Garden (1–2 hours, Sunrise Point) are easy to moderate hikes. Navajo Loop (1–2 hours, Sunset Point) and Tower Bridge (2–3 hours, north of Sunrise Point) are moderate hikes. Fairyland Loop (4–5 hours, Fairyland Point) and Peekaboo Loop (3–4 hours, Bryce Point) are strenuous hikes. Several of these trails intersect, allowing hikers to combine routes for more challenging hikes.
The park also has two trails designated for overnight hiking: the 9-mile (14 km) Riggs Spring Loop Trail and the 23-mile (37 km) Under-the-Rim Trail. Both require a backcountry camping permit. In total there are 50 miles (80 km) of trails in the park.
Horse riding is available in the park from April through October.More than 10 miles (16 km) of marked but ungroomed skiing trails are available off of Fairyland, Paria, and Rim trails in the park. Twenty miles (32 km) of connecting groomed ski trails are in nearby Dixie National Forest and Ruby's Inn.
The air in the area is so clear that on most days from Yovimpa and Rainbow points, Navajo Mountain and the Kaibab Plateau can be seen 90 miles (140 km) away in Arizona. On extremely clear days, the Black Mesas of eastern Arizona and western New Mexico can be seen some 160 miles (260 km) away.
The park also has a 7.4 magnitude night sky, making it one of the darkest in North America. Stargazers can therefore see 7,500 stars with the naked eye, while in most places fewer than 2,000 can be seen due to light pollution (in many large cities only a few dozen can be seen). Park rangers host public stargazing events and evening programs on astronomy, nocturnal animals, and night sky protection. The Bryce Canyon Astronomy Festival, typically held in June, attracts thousands of visitors. In honor of this astronomy festival, Asteroid 49272 was named after the national park.
There are two campgrounds in the park, North Campground and Sunset Campground. Loop A in North Campground is open year-round. Additional loops and Sunset Campground are open from late spring to early autumn. The 114-room Bryce Canyon Lodge is another way to overnight in the park.
A favorite activity of most visitors is landscape photography. With Bryce Canyon's high altitude and clean air, the sunrise and sunset photographs can be spectacular.
Bryce Canyon National Park, southwestern Utah
Image by james_gordon_losangeles
Bryce Canyon National Park is a national park located in southwestern Utah in the United States. The major feature of the park is Bryce Canyon, which despite its name, is not a canyon but a collection of giant natural amphitheaters along the eastern side of the Paunsaugunt Plateau. Bryce is distinctive due to geological structures called hoodoos, formed by frost weathering and stream erosion of the river and lake bed sedimentary rocks. The red, orange, and white colors of the rocks provide spectacular views for park visitors. Bryce sits at a much higher elevation than nearby Zion National Park. The rim at Bryce varies from 8,000 to 9,000 feet (2,400 to 2,700 m).
The Bryce Canyon area was settled by Mormon pioneers in the 1850s and was named after Ebenezer Bryce, who homesteaded in the area in 1874. The area around Bryce Canyon became a National Monument in 1923 and was designated as a National Park in 1928. The park covers 35,835 acres (55.99 sq mi; 145.02 km2) and receives relatively few visitors compared to Zion National Park and the Grand Canyon, largely due to its remote location.
Geography and climate
Bryce Canyon National Park is located in southwestern Utah about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of and 1,000 feet (300 m) higher than Zion National Park. The weather in Bryce Canyon is therefore cooler, and the park receives more precipitation: a total of 15 to 18 inches (38 to 46 cm) per year.
Yearly temperatures vary from an average minimum of 9 °F (−13 °C) in January to an average maximum of 83 °F (28 °C) in July, but extreme temperatures can range from −30 °F to 97 °F (−34 °C to 36 °C). The record high temperature in the park was 98 °F (37 °C) on July 14, 2002. The record low temperature was −28 °F (−33 °C) on December 10, 1972.
The national park lies within the Colorado Plateau geographic province of North America and straddles the southeastern edge of the Paunsagunt Plateau west of the Paunsagunt Fault (Paunsagunt is Paiute for "home of the beaver").[9] Park visitors arrive from the plateau part of the park and look over the plateau's edge toward a valley containing the fault and the Paria River just beyond it (Paria is Paiute for "muddy or elk water"). The edge of the Kaiparowits Plateau bounds the opposite side of the valley.
Bryce PointBryce Canyon was not formed from erosion initiated from a central stream, meaning it technically is not a canyon. Instead headward erosion has excavated large amphitheater-shaped features in the Cenozoic-aged rocks of the Paunsagunt Plateau. This erosion exposed delicate and colorful pinnacles called hoodoos that are up to 200 feet (61 m) high. A series of amphitheaters extends more than 20 miles (32 km) north-to-south within the park. The largest is Bryce Amphitheater, which is 12 miles (19 km) long, 3 miles (4.8 km) wide and 800 feet (240 m) deep. A nearby example of amphitheaters with hoodoos in the same formation but at a higher elevation, is in Cedar Breaks National Monument, which is 25 miles (40 km) to the west on the Markagunt Plateau.
Rainbow Point, the highest part of the park at 9,105 feet (2,775 m), is at the end of the 18-mile (29 km) scenic drive. From there, Aquarius Plateau, Bryce Amphitheater, the Henry Mountains, the Vermilion Cliffs and the White Cliffs can be seen. Yellow Creek, where it exits the park in the north-east section, is the lowest part of the park at 6,620 feet (2,020 m).
[edit] Human history[edit] Native American habitationLittle is known about early human habitation in the Bryce Canyon area. Archaeological surveys of Bryce Canyon National Park and the Paunsaugunt Plateau show that people have been in the area for at least 10,000 years. Basketmaker Anasazi artifacts several thousand years old have been found south of the park. Other artifacts from the Pueblo-period Anasazi and the Fremont culture (up to the mid-12th century) have also been found.
The Paiute Indians moved into the surrounding valleys and plateaus in the area around the same time that the other cultures left. These Native Americans hunted and gathered for most of their food, but also supplemented their diet with some cultivated products. The Paiute in the area developed a mythology surrounding the hoodoos (pinnacles) in Bryce Canyon. They believed that hoodoos were the Legend People whom the trickster Coyote turned to stone. At least one older Paiute said his culture called the hoodoos Anka-ku-was-a-wits, which is Paiute for "red painted faces".
European American exploration and settlementIt was not until the late 18th and the early 19th century that the first European Americans explored the remote and hard-to-reach area. Mormon scouts visited the area in the 1850s to gauge its potential for agricultural development, use for grazing, and settlement.
Ebenezer Bryce and his family lived in Bryce Canyon, in this cabin, here photographed c. 1881.The first major scientific expedition to the area was led by U.S. Army Major John Wesley Powell in 1872. Powell, along with a team of mapmakers and geologists, surveyed the Sevier and Virgin River area as part of a larger survey of the Colorado Plateaus. His mapmakers kept many of the Paiute place names.
Small groups of Mormon pioneers followed and attempted to settle east of Bryce Canyon along the Paria River. In 1873, the Kanarra Cattle Company started to use the area for cattle grazing.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints sent Scottish immigrant Ebenezer Bryce and his wife Mary to settle land in the Paria Valley because they thought his carpentry skills would be useful in the area. The Bryce family chose to live right below Bryce Canyon Amphitheater. Bryce grazed his cattle inside what are now park borders, and reputedly thought that the amphitheaters were a "helluva place to lose a cow." He also built a road to the plateau to retrieve firewood and timber, and a canal to irrigate his crops and water his animals. Other settlers soon started to call the unusual place "Bryce's canyon", which was later formalized into Bryce Canyon.
A combination of drought, overgrazing and flooding eventually drove the remaining Paiutes from the area and prompted the settlers to attempt construction of a water diversion channel from the Sevier River drainage. When that effort failed, most of the settlers, including the Bryce family, left the area.
Bryce moved his family to Arizona in 1880. The remaining settlers dug a 10 miles (16 km) ditch from the Sevier's east fork into Tropic Valley.
Creation of the park
Bryce Canyon Lodge was built between 1924 and 1925 from local materials.These scenic areas were first described for the public in magazine articles published by Union Pacific and Santa Fe railroads in 1916. People like Forest Supervisor J. W. Humphrey promoted the scenic wonders of Bryce Canyon's amphitheaters, and by 1918 nationally distributed articles also helped to spark interest. However, poor access to the remote area and the lack of accommodations kept visitation to a bare minimum.
Ruby Syrett, Harold Bowman and the Perry brothers later built modest lodging, and set up "touring services" in the area. Syrett later served as the first postmaster of Bryce Canyon. Visitation steadily increased, and by the early 1920s the Union Pacific Railroad became interested in expanding rail service into southwestern Utah to accommodate more tourists.
In 1928 the canyon became a National Park. It now has this visitors' center.At the same time, conservationists became alarmed by the damage overgrazing and logging on the plateau, along with unregulated visitation, were having on the fragile features of Bryce Canyon. A movement to have the area protected was soon started, and National Park Service Director Stephen Mather responded by proposing that Bryce Canyon be made into a state park. The governor of Utah and the Utah Legislature, however, lobbied for national protection of the area. Mather relented and sent his recommendation to President Warren G. Harding, who on June 8, 1923 declared Bryce Canyon National Monument into existence.
A road was built the same year on the plateau to provide easy access to outlooks over the amphitheaters. From 1924 to 1925, Bryce Canyon Lodge was built from local timber and stone.
Members of U.S. Congress started work in 1924 on upgrading Bryce Canyon's protection status from a U.S. National Monument to a National Park in order to establish Utah National Park.
A process led by the Utah Parks Company for transferring ownership of private and state-held land in the monument to the federal government started in 1923. The last of the land in the proposed park's borders was sold to the federal government four years later, and on February 25, 1928, the renamed Bryce Canyon National Park was established.
In 1931, President Herbert Hoover annexed an adjoining area south of the park, and in 1942 an additional 635 acres (2.57 km2) was added.[11] This brought the park's total area to the current figure of 35,835 acres (145.02 km2). Rim Road, the scenic drive that is still used today, was completed in 1934 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. Administration of the park was conducted from neighboring Zion Canyon National Park until 1956, when Bryce Canyon's first superintendent started work.
More recent history
The USS Bryce Canyon was named for the park and served as a supply and repair ship in the U.S. Pacific Fleet from September 15, 1950, to June 30, 1981.
Bryce Canyon Natural History Association (BCNHA) was established in 1961. It runs the bookstore inside the park visitor center and is a non-profit organization created to aid the interpretive, educational and scientific activities of the National Park Service at Bryce Canyon National Park. A portion of the profits from all bookstore sales are donated to public land units.
Responding to increased visitation and traffic congestion, the National Park Service implemented a voluntary, summer-only, in-park shuttle system in June 2000. In 2004, reconstruction began on the aging and inadequate road system in the park.
Geology of the Bryce Canyon area
Erosion of sedimentary rocks has created natural arches.
Thor's Hammer.The Bryce Canyon area shows a record of deposition that spans from the last part of the Cretaceous period and the first half of the Cenozoic era. The ancient depositional environment of the region around what is now the park varied. The Dakota Sandstone and the Tropic Shale were deposited in the warm, shallow waters of the advancing and retreating Cretaceous Seaway (outcrops of these rocks are found just outside park borders). The colorful Claron Formation, from which the park's delicate hoodoos are carved, was laid down as sediments in a system of cool streams and lakes that existed from 63 to about 40 million years ago (from the Paleocene to the Eocene epochs). Different sediment types were laid down as the lakes deepened and became shallow and as the shoreline and river deltas migrated.
Several other formations were also created but were mostly eroded away following two major periods of uplift. The Laramide orogeny affected the entire western part of what would become North America starting about 70 million to 50 million years ago. This event helped to build the Rocky Mountains and in the process closed the Cretaceous Seaway. The Straight Cliffs, Wahweap, and Kaiparowits formations were victims of this uplift. The Colorado Plateaus were uplifted 16 million years ago and were segmented into different plateaus, each separated from its neighbors by faults and each having its own uplift rate. The Boat Mesa Conglomerate and the Sevier River Formation were removed by erosion following this uplift.
Vertical joints were created by this uplift, which were eventually (and still are) preferentially eroded. The easily eroded Pink Cliffs of the Claron Formation responded by forming freestanding pinnacles in badlands called hoodoos, while the more resistant White Cliffs formed monoliths. The brown, pink and red colors are from hematite (iron oxide; Fe2O3); the yellows from limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O); and the purples are from pyrolusite (MnO2). Also created were arches, natural bridges, walls, and windows. Hoodoos are composed of soft sedimentary rock and are topped by a piece of harder, less easily eroded stone that protects the column from the elements. Bryce Canyon has one of the highest concentrations of hoodoos of any place on Earth.
The formations exposed in the area of the park are part of the Grand Staircase. The oldest members of this supersequence of rock units are exposed in the Grand Canyon, the intermediate ones in Zion National Park, and its youngest parts are laid bare in Bryce Canyon area. A small amount of overlap occurs in and around each park.
Biology
Mule deer are the most common large animals found in the park.More than 400 native plant species live in the park. There are three life zones in the park based on elevation: The lowest areas of the park are dominated by dwarf forests of pinyon pine and juniper with manzanita, serviceberry, and antelope bitterbrush in between. Aspen, cottonwood, Water Birch, and Willow grow along streams. Ponderosa Pine forests cover the mid-elevations with Blue Spruce and Douglas-fir in water-rich areas and manzanita and bitterbrush as underbrush. Douglas-fir and White Fir, along with Aspen and Engelmann Spruce, make up the forests on the Paunsaugunt Plateau. The harshest areas have Limber Pine and ancient Great Basin Bristlecone Pine, some more than 1,600 years old, holding on.
Bryce Canyon has extensive fir forests.The forests and meadows of Bryce Canyon provide the habitat to support diverse animal life, from birds and small mammals to foxes and occasional bobcats, mountain lions, and black bears. Mule deer are the most common large mammals in the park. Elk and pronghorn, which have been reintroduced nearby, sometimes venture into the park.
Bryce Canyon National Park forms part of the habitat of three wildlife species that are listed under the Endangered Species Act: the Utah Prairie Dog, the California Condor, and the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher. The Utah Prairie Dog is a threatened species that was reintroduced to the park for conservation, and the largest protected population is found within the park's boundaries.
About 170 species of birds visit the park each year, including swifts and swallows. Most species migrate to warmer regions in winter, although jays, ravens, nuthatches, eagles, and owls stay. In winter, the mule deer, mountain lion, and coyotes migrate to lower elevations.
Ground squirrels and marmots pass the winter in hibernation.
Eleven species of reptiles and four species of amphibians have been found at in the park. Reptiles include the Great Basin Rattlesnake, Short-horned Lizard, Side-blotched Lizard, Striped Whipsnake, and the Tiger Salamander.
Also in the park are the black, lumpy, very slow-growing colonies of cryptobiotic soil, which are a mix of lichens, algae, fungi, and cyanobacteria. Together these organisms slow erosion, add nitrogen to soil, and help it to retain moisture.
While humans have greatly reduced the amount of habitat that is available to wildlife in most parts of the United States, the relative scarcity of water in southern Utah restricts human development and helps account for the region's greatly enhanced diversity of wildlife.
Activities
There are marked trails for hiking, for which snowshoes are required in winter.
Navajo Trail. Trees are Pseudotsuga menziesii and Pinus ponderosa.Most park visitors sightsee using the scenic drive, which provides access to 13 viewpoints over the amphitheaters. Bryce Canyon has eight marked and maintained hiking trails that can be hiked in less than a day (round trip time, trailhead): Mossy Cave (one hour, State Route 12 northwest of Tropic), Rim Trail (5–6 hours, anywhere on rim), Bristlecone Loop (one hour, Rainbow Point), and Queens Garden (1–2 hours, Sunrise Point) are easy to moderate hikes. Navajo Loop (1–2 hours, Sunset Point) and Tower Bridge (2–3 hours, north of Sunrise Point) are moderate hikes. Fairyland Loop (4–5 hours, Fairyland Point) and Peekaboo Loop (3–4 hours, Bryce Point) are strenuous hikes. Several of these trails intersect, allowing hikers to combine routes for more challenging hikes.
The park also has two trails designated for overnight hiking: the 9-mile (14 km) Riggs Spring Loop Trail and the 23-mile (37 km) Under-the-Rim Trail. Both require a backcountry camping permit. In total there are 50 miles (80 km) of trails in the park.
Horse riding is available in the park from April through October.More than 10 miles (16 km) of marked but ungroomed skiing trails are available off of Fairyland, Paria, and Rim trails in the park. Twenty miles (32 km) of connecting groomed ski trails are in nearby Dixie National Forest and Ruby's Inn.
The air in the area is so clear that on most days from Yovimpa and Rainbow points, Navajo Mountain and the Kaibab Plateau can be seen 90 miles (140 km) away in Arizona. On extremely clear days, the Black Mesas of eastern Arizona and western New Mexico can be seen some 160 miles (260 km) away.
The park also has a 7.4 magnitude night sky, making it one of the darkest in North America. Stargazers can therefore see 7,500 stars with the naked eye, while in most places fewer than 2,000 can be seen due to light pollution (in many large cities only a few dozen can be seen). Park rangers host public stargazing events and evening programs on astronomy, nocturnal animals, and night sky protection. The Bryce Canyon Astronomy Festival, typically held in June, attracts thousands of visitors. In honor of this astronomy festival, Asteroid 49272 was named after the national park.
There are two campgrounds in the park, North Campground and Sunset Campground. Loop A in North Campground is open year-round. Additional loops and Sunset Campground are open from late spring to early autumn. The 114-room Bryce Canyon Lodge is another way to overnight in the park.
A favorite activity of most visitors is landscape photography. With Bryce Canyon's high altitude and clean air, the sunrise and sunset photographs can be spectacular.
Some cool animal videos images:
011112-Dia-Mundial-Veganismo-Valencia-DefensAnimal-16
Image by DefensAnimal.org
Vídeo del acto en youtu.be/2e9M9sm5SRc.
DefensAnimal.org organizó un acto con motivo del Día Mundial del Veganismo, a la misma hora (18'30h) y en el mismo lugar (plaza de la Reina, de Valencia) donde realiza actos "todos" los sábados. Los/as activistas informaron de que no es justo seguir siendo especistas, es decir, discriminar a los demás animales por el mero hecho de no pertenecer a la especie humana, ya que todos los animales, humanos o no, disponemos de sistema nervioso, que conlleva que tengamos la capacidad de sentir (dolor, placer, miedo, estrés...), y que por lo tanto tengamos intereses, que deberíamos respetar, sin importar nuestra raza, sexo, especie o tamaño (www.defensanimal.org/especismo). Y en consecuencia, por coherencia y justicia, debemos ser veganos/as (www.defensanimal.org/veganismo).
011112-Dia-Mundial-Veganismo-Valencia-DefensAnimal-06
Image by DefensAnimal.org
Vídeo del acto en youtu.be/2e9M9sm5SRc.
DefensAnimal.org organizó un acto con motivo del Día Mundial del Veganismo, a la misma hora (18'30h) y en el mismo lugar (plaza de la Reina, de Valencia) donde realiza actos "todos" los sábados. Los/as activistas informaron de que no es justo seguir siendo especistas, es decir, discriminar a los demás animales por el mero hecho de no pertenecer a la especie humana, ya que todos los animales, humanos o no, disponemos de sistema nervioso, que conlleva que tengamos la capacidad de sentir (dolor, placer, miedo, estrés...), y que por lo tanto tengamos intereses, que deberíamos respetar, sin importar nuestra raza, sexo, especie o tamaño (www.defensanimal.org/especismo). Y en consecuencia, por coherencia y justicia, debemos ser veganos/as (www.defensanimal.org/veganismo).
011112-Dia-Mundial-Veganismo-Valencia-DefensAnimal-28
Image by DefensAnimal.org
Vídeo del acto en youtu.be/2e9M9sm5SRc.
DefensAnimal.org organizó un acto con motivo del Día Mundial del Veganismo, a la misma hora (18'30h) y en el mismo lugar (plaza de la Reina, de Valencia) donde realiza actos "todos" los sábados. Los/as activistas informaron de que no es justo seguir siendo especistas, es decir, discriminar a los demás animales por el mero hecho de no pertenecer a la especie humana, ya que todos los animales, humanos o no, disponemos de sistema nervioso, que conlleva que tengamos la capacidad de sentir (dolor, placer, miedo, estrés...), y que por lo tanto tengamos intereses, que deberíamos respetar, sin importar nuestra raza, sexo, especie o tamaño (www.defensanimal.org/especismo). Y en consecuencia, por coherencia y justicia, debemos ser veganos/as (www.defensanimal.org/veganismo).
Some cool plush stuffed animals images:
bear
Image by Penguin & Fish
This guy was made from unraveled sweater yarn.
Crab Cakes
Image by chicgeekuk
Crab army, ready for transport!
Thursday - Among friends
Image by chicgeekuk
A few nice animal shelters images I found:
Sun Spot
Image by Jeffrey Beall
The work is a steel dog made with a sheath of wire mesh and covered with 90,000 dog tags. Sun Spot is located at 1241 West Bayaud Avenue in Denver.
The artists are Laura Haddad & Tom Drugan.
00002
Image by Tim Forbes
